What is Viet Nam's pathway to limit global warming to 1.5°C?
Industry
Decarbonising the industry sector
In 2019, the industry sector accounted for 31% of Viet Nam’s total emissions (excluding LULUCF), due to industrial process emissions of 69 MtCO2e and energy-related emissions of 65 MtCO2e. Overall, emissions from industrial processes and industry energy use increased by 107% between 2010 and 2019, driven by Viet Nam’s rapid industrialisation and the growth of the cement, chemical and steel industries.1 These emissions would need to decrease rapidly to align the sector with 1.5°C.
Viet Nam's energy mix in the industry sector
petajoule per year
Fuel shares refer only to energy demand of the sector. Deployment of synthetic fuels is not represented in these pathways.
-
Graph description
Energy mix composition in the industry sector in consumption (EJ) and shares (%) for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050 based on selected IPCC AR6 global least costs pathways.
Methodology
Data References
-
Fossil fuels made up 57% of the industry energy mix, with coal alone representing 49%. Under all 1.5°C compatible pathways, electricity, hydrogen, and biomass should meet more than two-thirds of the industry’s energy needs by 2030 and 95% by 2050. In the Minimal CDR reliance pathway, coal’s contribution to the industry sector’s energy mix would drop to 18% by 2030, and process emissions would decline by 17% below their 2019 levels.
In Deep electrification pathway, centred on the proliferation of renewables and energy efficiency, with less environmental risks related to the use of biomass and biogas, the percentage of coal would decrease to 6% by 2030 while process emissions would fall by 35% below 2019 levels. In such a trajectory, coal would be phased out of the energy mix by 2035 and fossil gas by 2040. Decarbonisation of industry could be expected around 2050, with hydrogen accounting for 8% of the energy mix.
Viet Nam has significant opportunities to decarbonise its industry. A fossil fuel phase out and improvements in energy efficiency would ensure alignment with 1.5°C compatible pathways.
Viet Nam's industry sector direct CO₂ emissions (from energy demand)
MtCO₂/yr
Direct CO₂ emissions only are considered (see power sector for electricity related emissions, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here).
-
Graph description
Direct CO₂ emissions of the industry sector in selected 1.5°C compatible pathways.
Methodology
Data References
-
Viet Nam's GHG emissions from industrial processes
MtCO₂e/yr
-
Graph description
1.5°C compatible CO₂ emissions pathways. This is presented through a set of illustrative pathways and a 1.5°C compatible range for total CO₂ emissions excl. LULUCF. The 1.5°C compatible range is based on global cost-effective pathways assessed by the IPCC AR6, defined by the 5th and 5th percentiles.
Data References
-
1.5°C compatible industry sector benchmarks
Direct CO₂ emissions, direct electrification rates, and combined shares of electricity, hydrogen and biomass from illustrative 1.5°C pathways for Viet Nam
| Indicator |
2019
|
2030
|
2035
|
2040
|
2050
|
Decarbonised industry sector by
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Direct CO₂ emissions
MtCO₂/yr
|
79
|
12 to
31
|
6 to
9
|
3 to
8
|
1 to
6
|
2035 to
2042
|
|
Relative to reference year in %
|
-85 to
-61%
|
-92 to
-89%
|
-96 to
-90%
|
-99 to
-92%
|
| Indicator |
2019
|
2030
|
2035
|
2040
|
2050
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Share of electricity
per cent
|
31
|
42 to
51
|
48 to
58
|
45 to
64
|
57 to
82
|
|
Share of electricity, hydrogen and biomass
per cent
|
43
|
74 to
86
|
90 to
93
|
93 to
97
|
95 to
99
|
Fuel share provided refers to energy demand only from the industry sector. BECCS are the only Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies considered in these benchmarks.
Direct CO₂ emissions only are considered (see power sector analysis, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here). All values are rounded. Year of full decarbonisation is based on carbon intenstiy threshold of 5gCO₂/MJ.
-
Methodology
Data References
-