What is Thailand's pathway to limit global warming to 1.5°C?
Transport
The transport sector in Thailand made up 29% of the country’s total direct CO₂ emissions and had the second highest share in primary energy demand of 36%.1 Energy consumption of this sector has increased steadily since 1990, growing by around 40% between 2010–2019.
Thailand's energy mix in the transport sector
petajoule per year
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Graph description
Energy mix composition in the transport sector in consumption (EJ) and shares (%) for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050 based on selected IPCC SR1.5 global least costs pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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Thailand’s transport sector is dominated by fossil fuels (92% in 2019), mainly oil (86%).2 In all our analysed scenarios, fossil energy demand from the transport sector peaks by 2019 and declines thereafter. A Paris Agreement compatible pathway requires a rapid electrification of the transport sector, reaching a 13–43% share of the sector’s final energy demand by 2050.
Thailand has adopted several policies in the transport sector to reduce emissions, including an electric vehicle roadmap and a goal for 100% of new vehicle sales to be EVs by 2035.3 In 2021, Thailand’s National Electric Vehicle Policy Committee announced that 30% of vehicles produced in Thailand will be zero-emission by 2030.4 In addition, Thailand provides tax benefits for battery manufacturing and supplies. Earlier Thailand had a biofuel blending mandate of 10% which has now been lowered to 7%.[39] To enhance mass transit systems, the government is adopting policies with integrated development plan for rail, public transport and water transport.5
Thailand's transport sector direct CO₂ emissions (of energy demand)
MtCO₂/yr
Direct CO₂ emissions only are considered (see power sector for electricity related emissions, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here).
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Graph description
Direct CO₂ emissions of the transport sector in selected 1.5°C compatible pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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1.5°C compatible transport sector benchmarks
Direct CO₂ emissions and shares of electricity, biofuels and hydrogen in the transport final energy demand from illustrative 1.5°C pathways for Thailand
| Indicator |
2019
|
2030
|
2040
|
2050
|
Decarbonised transport sector by
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Direct CO₂ emissions
MtCO₂/yr
|
74
|
39 to
51
|
22 to
30
|
7 to
13
|
2055 to
2058
|
|
Relative to reference year in %
|
-46 to
-31%
|
-71 to
-60%
|
-90 to
-83%
|
| Indicator |
2019
|
2030
|
2040
|
2050
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Share of electricity
per cent
|
0
|
1 to
6
|
8 to
14
|
13 to
43
|
|
Share of biofuels
per cent
|
8
|
18 to
21
|
14 to
30
|
18 to
51
|
|
Share of hydrogen
per cent
|
0
|
1 to
20
|
22 to
57
|
40 to
69
|
All values are rounded. Only direct CO₂ emissions are considered (electricity, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here; see power sector for emissions from electricity generation). Year of full decarbonisation is based on carbon intenstiy threshold of 5gCO₂/MJ.
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Methodology
Data References
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