What is Thailand's pathway to limit global warming to 1.5°C?
Industry
The industry sector in Thailand relies heavily on fossil fuels for its energy needs. Their share of the final energy demand was 48% in 2019, comprising of coal (23%), oil (14%) and natural gas (10%). All scenarios show peaking of fossil energy demand between 2025–2030, and a declining trend after that.
Thailand's energy mix in the industry sector
petajoule per year
Fuel share provided refers to energy demand only from the industry sector.
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Graph description
Energy mix composition in the industry sector in consumption (EJ) and shares (%) for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050 based on selected IPCC SR1.5 global least costs pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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Electrification rate in Thailand’s industrial sector is low. Analysed scenarios show that in a 1.5°C compatible pathway, the share of electricity in industry could increase in the range of 25–28% by 2030 and 49–61% by 2050 from the 2019 level of 22%. All scenarios see a rapid decline in direct CO₂ emissions to 29–33 MtCO₂/yr by 2030 and 0–4 MtCO₂/yr by 2050 from their 2019 level of 74 MtCO₂/yr.
The Energy Efficiency Plan (2015-2036) includes a target to reduce energy intensity (energy use per unit of GDP) by 30% by 2036.1,2 The Energy Conservation Promotion Act includes mandatory energy audits in “designated” factories and buildings.3
Thailand has a Voluntary Emission Reduction Programme aiming to reduce 5.28 MtCO₂e per year.4 Industry accounts for 40% of the EEP 2018 energy intensity reduction target, according to which the sector will conserve a cumulative 21,137 ktoe between 2010 and 2037.5
Thailand's industry sector direct CO₂ emissions (of energy demand)
MtCO₂/yr
Direct CO₂ emissions only are considered (see power sector for electricity related emissions, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here).
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Graph description
Direct CO₂ emissions of the industry sector in selected 1.5°C compatible pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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Thailand's GHG emissions from industrial processes
MtCO₂e/yr
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Graph description
1.5°C compatible CO₂ emissions pathways. This is presented through a set of illustrative pathways and a 1.5°C compatible range for total CO₂ emissions excl. LULUCF. The 1.5°C compatible range is based on global cost-effective pathways assessed by the IPCC SR1.5, defined by the 5th and 5th percentiles.
Data References
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1.5°C compatible industry sector benchmarks
Direct CO₂ emissions, shares of electricity, and combined shares of electricity, hydrogen and biomass from illustrative 1.5°C pathways for Thailand
| Indicator |
2019
|
2030
|
2040
|
2050
|
Decarbonised industry sector by
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Direct CO₂ emissions
MtCO₂/yr
|
74
|
29 to
33
|
9 to
13
|
-0 to
4
|
2042 to
2043
|
|
Relative to reference year in %
|
-60 to
-55%
|
-88 to
-82%
|
-101 to
-94%
|
| Indicator |
2019
|
2030
|
2040
|
2050
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Share of electricity
per cent
|
22
|
25 to
28
|
37 to
42
|
49 to
61
|
|
Share of electricity, hydrogren and biomass
per cent
|
52
|
54 to
64
|
60 to
79
|
64 to
89
|
Fuel share provided refers to energy demand only from the industry sector. BECCS are the only Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies considered in these benchmarks.
Only direct CO₂ emissions are considered (electricity, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here; see power sector for emissions from electricity generation). All values are rounded. Year of full decarbonisation is based on carbon intenstiy threshold of 5gCO₂/MJ.
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Methodology
Data References
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