What is Japan's pathway to limit global warming to 1.5°C?
Buildings
Decarbonising the building sector
Direct CO2 emissions from Japan’s buildings sector have been declining since 2002, when oil consumption peaked, with the share of electricity steadily increasing to 55%. 1.5°C compatible pathways would see this trajectory continue, resulting in a 36-46% reduction in direct CO2 emissions by 2030 relative to 2013 levels.
Japan's energy mix in the buildings sector
petajoule per year
Fuel shares refer only to energy demand of the sector. Deployment of synthetic fuels is not represented in these pathways.
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Graph description
Energy mix composition in the buildings sector in consumption (EJ) and shares (%) for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050 based on selected IPCC AR6 global least costs pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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Nearly half of energy-related CO2 emissions from the residential sector come from lighting and home appliances, with heating and hot water each contributing another fifth.1 Under all 1.5°C compatible pathways, building electrification is prioritised, reaching a 60-61% share by 2030 and 88-93% by 2050.
Final energy demand in the buildings sector falls across all 1.5°C compatible pathways, which is consistent with the government’s focus on energy efficiency measures. The revised Building Energy Conservation Act mandates that, from 2025, all new houses and buildings comply with upgraded energy efficiency standards. The Minimal CDR Reliance pathway, which requires faster and deeper reductions in fossils fuels due to limited reliance on carbon dioxide removal, would see the largest improvements in sector-wide energy efficiency, roughly halving total energy demand by 2050.
Japan's buildings sector direct CO₂ emissions (from energy demand)
MtCO₂/yr
Direct CO₂ emissions only are considered (see power sector for electricity related emissions, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here).
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Graph description
Direct CO₂ emissions of the buildings sector in selected 1.5°C compatible pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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1.5°C compatible buildings sector benchmarks
Direct CO₂ emissions and shares of electricity, heat and biomass in the buildings final energy demand from illustrative 1.5°C pathways for Japan
| Indicator |
2021
|
2030
|
2035
|
2040
|
2050
|
Decarbonised buildings sector by
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Direct CO₂ emissions
MtCO₂/yr
|
101
|
68 to
81
|
43 to
56
|
19 to
24
|
3 to
9
|
2044 to
2047
|
|
Relative to reference year in %
|
-33 to
-20%
|
-57 to
-45%
|
-81 to
-76%
|
-97 to
-91%
|
| Indicator |
2021
|
2030
|
2035
|
2040
|
2050
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Share of electricity
per cent
|
55
|
60 to
61
|
69 to
70
|
79 to
85
|
88 to
93
|
|
Share of heat
per cent
|
1
|
1 to
2
|
1 to
2
|
1 to
2
|
1 to
2
|
|
Share of hydrogen
per cent
|
0
|
0 to
0
|
0 to
0
|
0 to
0
|
0 to
0
|
All values are rounded. Direct CO₂ emissions only are considered (see power sector analysis, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here). All values are rounded. Year of full decarbonisation is based on carbon intenstiy threshold of 5gCO₂/MJ.
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Methodology
Data References
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