What is Brazil's pathway to limit global warming to 1.5°C?
Buildings
Decarbonising the buildings sector
Energy for Brazil’s buildings sector is primarily supplied by electricity, biofuels and oil at 59%, 19% and 18%, respectively. Direct CO2 emissions from buildings have remained steady since the early 2000s, accounting for only 2% of total energy emissions.
Brazil's energy mix in the buildings sector
petajoule per year
Fuel shares refer only to energy demand of the sector. Deployment of synthetic fuels is not represented in these pathways.
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Graph description
Energy mix composition in the buildings sector in consumption (EJ) and shares (%) for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050 based on selected IPCC AR6 global least costs pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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All pathways considered here show at least some energy demand growth in the buildings sector, however in all pathways oil use is immediately scaled down. In all evaluated pathways, building energy use reaches over 80% electricity by 2030. The Deep Electrification pathway, which best captures the potential for deep electrification to drive fossil fuels out of the energy system, shows an electrification rate of 95% by 2040.
Due to climactic conditions, energy demand for heating remains low, but this is offset by higher cooling energy demand, which is expected to grow as temperatures rise.1 In Brazil, high temperatures and rising incomes continue to drive air conditioning unit ownership and usage rates. Air conditioning energy use in Brazil is expected to grow by 70% in a 1.5°C warmer world compared to a baseline of 2000-2010 average daily temperatures.2
Brazil has a labelling system for building energy efficiency which applies to residential, commercial and public buildings; however, Brazil lacks a comprehensive national strategy for improving energy efficiency or building sustainability.3
Brazil's buildings sector direct CO₂ emissions (from energy demand)
MtCO₂/yr
Direct CO₂ emissions only are considered (see power sector for electricity related emissions, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here).
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Graph description
Direct CO₂ emissions of the buildings sector in selected 1.5°C compatible pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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1.5°C compatible buildings sector benchmarks
Direct CO₂ emissions and shares of electricity, heat and biomass in the buildings final energy demand from illustrative 1.5°C pathways for Brazil
| Indicator |
2021
|
2030
|
2035
|
2040
|
2050
|
Decarbonised buildings sector by
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Direct CO₂ emissions
MtCO₂/yr
|
21
|
14 to
16
|
8 to
11
|
3 to
4
|
0 to
2
|
2033 to
2034
|
|
Relative to reference year in %
|
-33 to
-24%
|
-62 to
-48%
|
-86 to
-81%
|
-100 to
-90%
|
| Indicator |
2021
|
2030
|
2035
|
2040
|
2050
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Share of electricity
per cent
|
59
|
81 to
81
|
89 to
89
|
93 to
95
|
95 to
98
|
|
Share of heat
per cent
|
3
|
0 to
1
|
0 to
1
|
0 to
1
|
0 to
1
|
|
Share of hydrogen
per cent
|
0
|
0 to
0
|
0 to
0
|
0 to
0
|
0 to
0
|
All values are rounded. Direct CO₂ emissions only are considered (see power sector analysis, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here). All values are rounded. Year of full decarbonisation is based on carbon intenstiy threshold of 5gCO₂/MJ.
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Methodology
Data References
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