What is Spain's pathway to limit global warming to 1.5°C?
Transport
Transport emissions were 94 MtCO₂e in 2019, about 48% higher than in 1990. The sector’s carbon intensity has stayed fairly constant, as oil has comprised over 90% of transport’s energy mix since 1990. All subsectors (freight, passenger) follow a similar trend.1
Spain's energy mix in the transport sector
petajoule per year
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Graph description
Energy mix composition in the transport sector in consumption (EJ) and shares (%) for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050 based on selected IPCC SR1.5 global least costs pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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Spain’s target to reduce transport emissions to 60 MtCO₂e by 2030 falls short of 1.5°C compatibility, which would see emissions fall to 46-47 MtCO₂e.
All 1.5°C compatible pathways require a decrease in energy consumption by 2030 and emissions to decrease by around 79% below 1990 levels by 2040, with the sector reaching net zero between 2048 and 2053.
As part of its Moves III programme implemented in 2021, the Spanish government is subsidising the purchase of electric vehicles (EVs) up to EUR 7,000.2 However, uptake of EVs is still relatively low.3 Spain’s national energy and climate plan (NECP) includes the implementation of low emission zones in all cities with over 50,000 inhabitants starting in 2023, estimating a shift in 35% of all passenger-kilometres to cleaner modes of transport by 2030.
Spain's transport sector direct CO₂ emissions (of energy demand)
MtCO₂/yr
Direct CO₂ emissions only are considered (see power sector for electricity related emissions, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here).
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Graph description
Direct CO₂ emissions of the transport sector in selected 1.5°C compatible pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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1.5°C compatible transport sector benchmarks
Direct CO₂ emissions and shares of electricity, biofuels and hydrogen in the transport final energy demand from illustrative 1.5°C pathways for Spain
| Indicator |
2019
|
2030
|
2040
|
2050
|
Decarbonised transport sector by
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Direct CO₂ emissions
MtCO₂/yr
|
94
|
46 to
47
|
20 to
20
|
0 to
7
|
2048 to
2053
|
|
Relative to reference year in %
|
-51 to
-50%
|
-79 to
-79%
|
-100 to
-92%
|
| Indicator |
2019
|
2030
|
2040
|
2050
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Share of electricity
per cent
|
1
|
6 to
32
|
18 to
52
|
22 to
64
|
|
Share of biofuels
per cent
|
5
|
13 to
21
|
18 to
38
|
20 to
57
|
|
Share of hydrogen
per cent
|
0
|
3 to
3
|
13 to
43
|
33 to
49
|
All values are rounded. Only direct CO₂ emissions are considered (electricity, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here; see power sector for emissions from electricity generation). Year of full decarbonisation is based on carbon intenstiy threshold of 5gCO₂/MJ.
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Methodology
Data References
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