What is Cameroon's pathway to limit global warming to 1.5°C?
Buildings
Residential and commercial buildings have consistently been by far the largest consumers of energy in Cameroon (78% of total final consumption in 2019).1 Most of the scenarios we have analysed see an increase in direct CO₂ emissions until 2030 after which they peak and start declining, reaching close to zero by 2040 for some scenarios. The decline is mostly driven by an increase in electricity replacing traditional biomass as a source of energy. From 3% in 2019, electricity share in the buildings sector grows to between 17 to 25% by 2030 and 66 to 81% by 2050. Electricity will help decarbonise the building sector if it is produced from renewable energy sources which it predominantly is in Cameroon (See the power section for details).
Cameroon's energy mix in the buildings sector
petajoule per year
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Graph description
Energy mix composition in the buildings sector in consumption (EJ) and shares (%) for the years 2030, 2040 and 2050 based on selected IPCC SR1.5 global least costs pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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The scenario showing a higher reliance on renewable energies indicates that coal and natural gas, both of which play minor roles in the building sector, would need to be phased out by 2040. While some models show an increase in oil consumption, the ones achieving earliest decarbonisation are based on a strong increase of renewables energies combined with biomass and reduction in energy demand lead by increased efficiency of buildings. Though Cameroon’s National Development Strategy 2020-2030 (SND30) does not provide specific targets, it does prioritise the following in the energy sector: (i) developing the important national hydroelectric potential; (ii) developing alternative energies to better respond to specific needs such as cooking, transport, especially urban transport, urban electrification, manufacturing industries, etc.; (iii) strengthening and optimising the use of biomass. Increasing reliable access to electricity and access to clean cooking options would significantly curb household biomass combustion and reduce fossil fuel usage and indoor air pollution.
Cameroon's buildings sector direct CO₂ emissions (of energy demand)
MtCO₂/yr
Direct CO₂ emissions only are considered (see power sector for electricity related emissions, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here).
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Graph description
Direct CO₂ emissions of the buildings sector in selected 1.5°C compatible pathways.
Methodology
Data References
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1.5°C compatible buildings sector benchmarks
Direct CO₂ emissions and shares of electricity, heat and hydrogen in the buildings final energy demand from illustrative 1.5°C pathways for Cameroon
Indicator |
2019
|
2030
|
2040
|
2050
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct CO₂ emissions
MtCO₂/yr
|
1
|
1 to
2
|
0 to
0
|
0 to
0
|
Relative to reference year in %
|
0 to
0%
|
0 to
0%
|
0 to
0%
|
Indicator |
2019
|
2030
|
2040
|
2050
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Share of electricity
per cent
|
3
|
17 to
25
|
34 to
64
|
66 to
81
|
Share of heat
per cent
|
0
|
0 to
1
|
0 to
0
|
1 to
11
|
Share of hydrogen
per cent
|
0
|
0 to
0
|
0 to
0
|
0 to
0
|
All values are rounded. Only direct CO₂ emissions are considered (electricity, hydrogen and heat emissions are not considered here; see power sector for emissions from electricity generation). Year of full decarbonisation is based on carbon intenstiy threshold of 5gCO₂/MJ.
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Methodology
Data References
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